ITMOs and NDCs Under Article 6: How Countries Cooperate to Meet Climate Goals
Climate change is a global challenge, but not every country has the same capacity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. While some nations can deploy renewable energy or clean technologies quickly, others may face financial, technological, or developmental constraints. Recognizing this, the Paris Agreement introduced a framework that allows countries to cooperate in achieving their climate […]
Carbon Credit Journey: Understanding Issuance, Transfer and Retirement
Every carbon credit follows a simple journey before it delivers climate value. It is issued after verified emission reductions are achieved, transferred between buyers and sellers as a tradable asset, and finally retired when someone uses it to make an environmental claim. Understanding these three stages is essential because buying a carbon credit does not […]
Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
Article 6 of the Paris Agreement lets countries cooperate voluntarily to meet their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) through international carbon markets and non-market approaches..It establishes the rules for international climate cooperation, enabling countries to work together on mitigation activities while supporting the achievement of their climate targets. The framework has three parts. Article 6.2 covers […]
Carbon Insetting vs Offsetting
Carbon insetting and offsetting are two complementary approaches that organizations use to address greenhouse gas emissions, but they differ in where the climate action takes place. Carbon insetting focuses on emission reduction or removal within a company’s own value chain, whereas carbon offsetting involves purchasing and retiring verified carbon credits generated by climate projects outside […]
What Are Financed Emissions? Meaning, Scope, and Why They Matter
Financed emissions are the greenhouse gas emissions linked to a financial institution’s lending, investment, and underwriting activities. Classified under Scope 3 Category 15 of the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol, they represent the indirect emissions generated by the companies, projects and assets being financed. For banks, insurers, and asset managers, financed emissions typically account for the […]
Carbon Neutral vs Net Zero: Key Differences, Scope, and Use Cases
Carbon neutral and net zero are climate goals that differ in their level of ambition. Carbon neutrality focuses on balancing carbon dioxide emissions through offsets, often without requiring deep emission reductions. Net zero requires reducing all greenhouse gas emissions across the value chain to as close to zero as possible, with offsets used only for […]
What Happens to a 15-Year-Old Car in India
When a private car turns 15 in India, its Registration Certificate (RC) expires under the Central Motor Vehicle Rules (CMVR), and continuing to drive without action becomes illegal. The owner has two legal paths: pass a fitness test at an Automated Testing Station (ATS) and renew the RC for another 5 years, or scrap the […]
Net Zero Roadmap: Meaning, Milestones, and How It Works
A net zero roadmap is a structured plan that outlines how emissions will be reduced and balanced over time to achieve net zero by 2050. It defines both near-term and long-term milestones across energy, transport, industry, and supply chains, prioritizing deep emission reductions first and neutralising residual emissions through credible carbon removal at the end […]
Steel Recycling from Vehicles
Steel is the single largest material recovered when a vehicle is recycled, with around 75% of the steel in a modern car recoverable. At a Registered Vehicle Scrapping Facility (RVSF), end-of-life vehicles are depolluted, dismantled, shredded, and passed through magnetic separation to extract ferrous steel. The recovered steel is melted in electric arc furnaces and […]
Scope 2 Emissions: Definition, Examples, and How Companies Reduce Them
Scope 2 emissions are indirect greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the generation of purchased electricity, steam, heating, or cooling consumed by an organization. Although these emissions physically occur at the energy provider’s facilities, they are attributed to the consuming organisation under the GHG Protocol. For various businesses, particularly those in manufacturing, data centres, and commercial […]