What Is Carbon Footprint?
Every activity leaves behind a measurable emission trail. That trail is called a carbon footprint. It captures the total greenhouse gas emissions generated across energy use, transportation, industrial processes, and consumption patterns. Measured in CO₂e, it converts different gases into a single comparable unit using global warming potential. This standardization allows businesses and governments to […]
EV Battery Recycling in India
EV battery recycling in India involves recovering critical materials such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel from used battery packs to reduce both environmental impact and import dependency. India’s EV adoption is accelerating across vehicle segments, generating a growing volume of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries that pose serious risks if disposed of through informal channels. With mandatory […]
What Are EPR Targets?
Extended Producer Responsibility is a policy mechanism that shifts part of the waste management burden from municipalities to producers. Under this framework, companies that manufacture, import, or sell regulated products must take responsibility for the waste generated from those products after use. One of the central elements of this system is the concept of EPR […]
Green Mobility in India
Green mobility in India refers to the shift from fossil fuel-powered transportation to cleaner, lower-emission alternatives, primarily electric vehicles, biofuels, and green hydrogen. The strategy is driven by three converging pressures. Road transport contributes over 13 percent of India’s greenhouse gas emissions, urban air quality is deteriorating in major cities, and import dependence on crude […]
Automotive Waste Management in India
Automotive waste management in India is the system that governs what happens to a vehicle and its hazardous contents once it stops being roadworthy. It covers fluid drainage, dismantling, material recovery, and the documentation that tracks every step. The waste itself ranges from used motor oil and refrigerants to lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion cells, catalytic converter […]
Remanufacturing vs Recycling in India
Remanufacturing and recycling are both circular economy processes, but they sit at different rungs of the value hierarchy. Remanufacturing rebuilds a used component back to original equipment specifications and returns it to service as a working part. Recycling breaks the component or vehicle down to base materials that re-enter manufacturing as feedstock. The first preserves […]
Carbon Footprint of a Car in India
A typical passenger car in India emits 0.13 to 0.20 kg of CO2 per kilometre, depending on fuel type, engine size, and driving conditions. For a car driven 10,000 km annually, that is roughly 1.3 to 2.0 tonnes of CO2 a year from tailpipe alone. India’s transport sector contributes around 8 percent of national greenhouse […]
What Is PUC Certificate in India
A Pollution Under Control (PUC) certificate is a mandatory government document confirming that a vehicle’s tailpipe emissions sit within the permissible limits set by the Central Pollution Control Board. It is required for every internal combustion engine vehicle under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989. The certificate records measured […]
Role of Critical Minerals in Electric Vehicles
Critical minerals are the naturally occurring elements that clean energy technologies cannot run without. They have no viable short-term substitutes and they sit under heavy supply concentration risk. For electric vehicles specifically, the role of critical minerals in electric vehicles centres on five battery inputs (lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, and graphite), the rare earth elements […]
EV Charging Infrastructure in India
India had over 29,000 public EV charging stations as of early 2026, up from about 5,000 in 2022, a near six-fold expansion of EV charging infrastructure in India in three years. Yet rollout still trails adoption. With 2.3 million EVs registered in 2025 and the ratio at roughly one charger per 235 EVs, India is […]